Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora
Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora is a journal published by Jayapangus Press which contains the results of research in the social sciences and humanities. The purpose of this journal is to publish and disseminate writings in the social sciences and humanities that can contribute to the development of science. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora is published quarterly, in February, May, August, and November. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora accepts writings in the form of quantitative and qualitative research from academics, practitioners, researchers, and students relevant to the topic of social science and humanities. e-ISSN: 2615-0913 (Online)
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Hubungan Kontrol Diri dengan Kesejahteraan Digital pada Gen Z
The use of digital media among Gen Z continues to increase and has an impact on various aspects of life that can lead to addiction and decreased digital well-being. Gen Z's self-control in using gadgets remains low to moderate, leaving them vulnerable to the influence of digital content. Low self-control can affect Gen Z digital well-being. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-control and digital well-being among Gen Z. It uses a correlational quantitative research design with a purposive sample of 355 Gen Z participants. The research data collection was measured using the DWB scale with dimensions developed by Smits and the self-control scale with dimensions developed by Tangney, which the researcher compiled. The data analysis technique for testing the hypothesis used Pearson's Product-Moment with the SPSS 20 Windows application. The data analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between self-control and DWB. The study found that the majority of Gen Z had moderate levels of self-control and DWB. The suggestion for further researchers is to increase the number of respondents across different age ranges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Dwika Rani, Komarudin Komarudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Fear of Missing Out Terhadap Digital Well-Being Pada Pengguna Tik-Tok
This study is motivated by the rising use of TikTok, which often triggers symptoms of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and is suspected to affect users’ levels of Digital Well-Being. The current inability of many adolescents to manage their time and social resources wisely can lead to disruptions in real-life functioning, prompting this research to examine the influence of FoMO on Digital Well-Being among TikTok users in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Using a quantitative approach with accidental sampling, the study involved 100 active TikTok users and employed two researcher-adapted scales: Przybylski’s FoMO scale and Smits’s Digital Well-Being scale. Data were analyzed using normality tests, linearity tests, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression through SPSS 25. The results reveal a strong and significant relationship between FoMO and Digital Well-Being. Most participants showed moderate levels of both FoMO and Digital Well-Being, indicating that higher FoMO is associated with lower perceived Digital Well-Being among TikTok users. This study fills an existing research gap by examining FoMO directly in relation to digital well-being within the context of TikTok usage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khansa Bella Putriyanto, Komarudin Komarudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran PAUD Untuk Mengembangkan Emosi Positif Anak
This study aims to examine strategies for integrating character education in Early Childhood Education (ECE) to enhance children’s positive emotional development. Character education is considered a fundamental foundation for fostering personality development, self-regulation, and social skills during early childhood. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving six ECE teachers selected based on teaching experience and active engagement in classroom practices. Data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews conducted in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia, in 2025. The findings indicate that character education was consistently embedded in daily learning activities through lesson planning using the B3 approach (Playing, Storytelling, and Singing), supported by teacher modeling. Core character values such as independence, empathy, discipline, and responsibility emerged as dominant outcomes, contributing to children’s emotional regulation, self-confidence, and social awareness. Teacher consistency and parent collaboration were identified as key supporting factors, while diverse child characteristics and limited parental involvement posed challenges. This study offers a theoretical contribution to the discourse on character education in ECE and supports the achievement of SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being).
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghinaa Salsabila Zulya, Asep Kurnia Jayadinata, Dhea Ardiyanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nilai Kepemimpinan Arjuna dalam Lakon Begawan Ciptaning Serta Peran Ki Purbo Asmoro sebagai Pemimpin Budaya
This study explores the leadership values embedded in Wayang Kulit Purwa, particularly in the play Begawan Ciptaning performed by Ki Purbo Asmoro in Pécs, Hungary, in 2023. The research stems from the view that Javanese leadership is not merely oriented toward authority but emphasizes spiritual harmony, morality, and cosmic responsibility toward life. The purpose of this study is to reveal the leadership values of Arjuna as Begawan Ciptaning and to examine the role of Ki Purbo Asmoro as a cultural leader who effectively adapts Javanese leadership philosophy within a global context. The research employs a qualitative interpretive approach with two main dimensions: empirical observation of the performance and conceptual analysis using cultural semiotics. The findings indicate that Arjuna embodies a model of spiritual leadership grounded in the principles of Astha Brata and the concept of Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana, while Ki Purbo Asmoro acts as both puppeteer and cultural leader who conveys ethical values through artistic innovation and cultural diplomacy. This study concludes that Wayang Kulit Purwa functions not only as a traditional performing art but also as a living philosophy and a medium of leadership education that fosters moral, spiritual, and universal human awareness remaining highly relevant for shaping ethical leadership paradigms in the global era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Priyanto Priyanto, Hanief Hanief (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Penggunaan Pinjaman Online Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Alwashliyah Medan
The current development of financial technology, particularly online lending services (pinjol), has become a phenomenon closely related to everyday life, including that of students. Ease of access, fast processing, and minimal requirements make these services attractive, but behind them lurk significant potential risks such as debt traps, high interest rates, and involvement in illegal lending. The urgency of this research lies in the increasing number of online loan users among students, who often do so without an adequate understanding of Islamic finance. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which Islamic financial knowledge influences students' decision-making in using online lending services and to provide a basis for universities and related parties in formulating educational strategies and Islamic financial protection policies. The research method used is a quantitative survey approach. The study population was students at Alwashliyah University Medan, while the sample was 176 students who had used online loans. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The results of the study indicate that the sample size used is still relatively small, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.60, or only 6%, of Islamic financial knowledge contributing to online loans for Alwashliyah University students. Furthermore, the higher the level of Islamic financial knowledge, the lower the tendency of students to use online loans. Furthermore, the importance of strengthening Islamic financial literacy in an applied manner and the need for further research by considering external factors that also influence online loan usage behavior among students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yurmaini Yurmaini, Erliyanti Erliyanti, Khairil Anshari, Rahmadiah Wahyuni Naibaho, Rahanum Rahanum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Studi pada Kecamatan Tanjung Palas Kabupaten Bulungan
The public satisfaction index for services provided by Tanjung Palas Subdistrict in 2019 was in the satisfactory category. Work motivation in Tanjung Palas Subdistrict in 2020 and 2021 did not increase. In 2024, the public satisfaction survey showed an increase in the score to 88.91, which is in the good category. This study aims to analyse the influence of the work environment and organisational culture on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in Tanjung Palas Subdistrict, Bulungan Regency. The study used a quantitative approach with path analysis through SmartPLS. The research sample consisted of 75 employees using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that the work environment did not have a significant effect on employee performance, either directly or through job satisfaction. Conversely, organisational culture has a significant effect on performance, including through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. In addition, job satisfaction has a positive effect on employee performance. These findings confirm that organisational culture is a dominant factor in improving performance, while the work environment does not have a significant effect. The contribution of this study lies in emphasising the importance of strengthening organisational culture and increasing job satisfaction as key strategies in public sector performance management. These results have practical implications for local governments to build a collaborative, disciplined, and public service-oriented work culture, as well as to create policies that support employee job satisfaction. Given the scarcity of research in sub-district agencies, studies using the intervening variable of job satisfaction are still rare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kapreli Serah, Shine Pintor Siolemba Patiro, Nurmadhani Fitri Suyuthi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Hardiness Dengan Academic Resilience Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Yang Berkuliah Sambil Bekerja Di Universitas Prima Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the relationship between hardiness and academic resilience in Psychology students at Prima Indonesia University who are studying while working. Hardiness and academic resilience are understood as two important constructs that influence students' ability to maintain academic performance amidst dual demands. This study uses a quantitative method by examining the relationship between hardiness and academic resilience in a group of working students who are rarely studied in Indonesian educational psychology. This study involved 258 respondents identified through Isaac Michael Tables from a population of 976 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation using SPSS Version 27 software. The results of the analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between hardiness and academic resilience (r = 0.212; p = 0.000). This finding confirms that hardiness plays a role as a psychological factor that contributes to the academic resilience of working students, and fills the gap in research on these two variables in the segment of students with dual burdens in the context of higher education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Clarissa Lawrence, Korina Korina, Achmad Irvan Dwi Putra, Winida Marpaung (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Manajemen Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Ala Maria Dalam Lukas 2:41-52 Dan Relevansinya Bagi Kaum Ibu Kristiani Masa Kini
The story of the Holy Family in Luke 2:41-52 depicts a portrait of household economic management integrated with the values ​​of faith. This narrative depicts Mary not only as a mother who nurtured Jesus, but also as a figure who demonstrated wisdom, self-control, and responsibility in dealing with family dynamics. The background of this research departs from the reality of Christian mothers today who are faced with economic pressures, lifestyle changes, and moral demands in balancing domestic, work, and spiritual roles. The purpose of this research is to identify the principles of household economic management presented by Mary in Luke 2:41-52 and analyze their relevance for Christian mothers today. The method used is a study of biblical and theological literature linked to a socio-economic analysis of contemporary families. In addition, a comparative study of pastoral writings and spiritual reflections related to Mary's role was conducted to obtain a comprehensive picture of the practical values ​​contained in the narrative. The results of the study indicate that Mary's response to the crisis situation, especially the loss of Jesus in the Temple, demonstrates three main principles: emotional management rooted in faith, respectful communication within the family, and shared responsibility as the basis for decision-making. These findings identify that household financial management encompasses not only material aspects but also spiritual and relational dimensions that influence family well-being. This research confirms that the figure of Mary in this passage can serve as an inspiring paradigm for Christian mothers in building a household that balances economic needs and faith values, so that financial and parenting decisions are made wisely, patiently, and directed toward the family's spiritual growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siprianus Soleman Senda, Rikardus Undat, Yohanes Subani, Theodorus Silab, Oktovianus M. Yuda Pramana, Polikarpus Mehang Praing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Mediasi Illegitimate Tasks dalam Hubungan Antara Abusive Supervision, Role Conflict dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Immigration Office, as a public sector organization, faces challenges in meeting increasingly complex demands for public service. One of these challenges is the requirement for employees to possess adaptive capabilities in addressing various task related demands. This study is designed to examine how abusive supervision and role conflict contribute to the decline of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through perceptions of illegitimate tasks as a mediating variable. This research employs a quantitative approach using covariance-based SEM analytical techniques. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, consisting on a five point Likert scale. The population consist of all non-structural civil servants across 126 Immigration Offices within two regional offices throughout Indonesia, with a total of 347 respondents obtained as the sample. The sample was selected using purposive sampling based on the criteria of non-structural employees and analyzed using IBM SPSS AMOS. The variables used in this study include abusive supervision (X1) as an independent variable, role conflict (X2) as independent variables, illegitimate tasks (Z) as a mediating variable, and OCB (Y) as a dependent variable. The result indicate that abusive supervision and role conflict have a positive and significant effect on illegitimate tasks. Illegitimate tasks has a negative and significant effect on OCB. Illegitimate tasks also mediates the relationship between abusive supervision, role conflict, and OCB. Practically, the findings of this research may serve as a basis for policymakers at the Immigration Office and other government institution in designing strategies to enhance a healthy, fair, and supportive work climate.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irlyana Seftya Lindiasari, Gandi Aswaja, Nuri Herachwati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Regulasi Terhadap Penggolongan Obat di Indonesia Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan
A regulatory vacuum emerged in drug classification following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, primarily due to the government’s failure to issue the implementing Government Regulations mandated under Article 320(8) and Article 321(8). This study aims to analyze the regulatory gap resulting from the absence of these implementing regulations and to assess its implications for legal certainty in drug classification.Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study evaluates the legal validity, hierarchical coherence, and substantive adequacy of existing regulations governing drug classification.The results indicate that the classification framework introduced by Law 17/2023 cannot be applied because no technical Government Regulation has been issued to operationalize the classification standards. In practice, there is a regression to the use of old drug classification categories derived from previous regulations. Furthermore, Minister of Health Regulation No. 28 of 2022 and BPOM Regulation No. 21 of 2020 are no longer legally compatible because they rely on Law No. 36/2009, which has been repealed. Their continued use creates inconsistencies within the regulatory hierarchy and weakens the enforceability of drug classification norms.This study concludes that the misalignment between the new statutory mandate and outdated implementing regulations generates significant uncertainty and undermines the effectiveness of pharmaceutical governance. The study recommends the immediate issuance of a Government Regulation to establish a coherent, authoritative, and technologically adaptive basis for drug classification under the current health law framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Mauludhin Rif'an, Lidya Shery Muis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bakar Batu sebagai Alat Diplomasi Politik dalam Membangun Hubungan Antara Pemerintah dan Masyarakat Adat di Kabupaten Jayawijaya
This study examines the role of the Bakar Batu tradition as a model of political diplomacy based on local cultural values between the government and indigenous communities in Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Pegunungan. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study and political ethnography approach, the research involved seven key informants consisting of traditional leaders, religious figures, government officials, political actors, representatives of the Indigenous Peoples’ Institution, and community members. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. The findings show that Bakar Batu functions as an egalitarian space for political communication that fosters dialogue, trust, and social legitimacy between the government and indigenous communities. Beyond its cultural and social meanings, the tradition operates as an effective medium of political diplomacy that emphasizes equality, solidarity, and collective participation. This study contributes conceptually by proposing Bakar Batu as a model of political diplomacy rooted in local traditions, offering an alternative approach to inclusive and culturally grounded governance in indigenous regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Ahmad, Tati Haryati, Irma Paundanan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Jaringan Perdagangan Garam di Sumenep Abad ke-19
Since the nineteenth century, Sumenep has served as an important center of salt production and trade in Madura within the maritime economy of the Dutch East Indies. Its strategic geographical location, the availability of port facilities, and the maritime activities of local communities enabled Sumenep to be integrated into inter-island trade networks across the region. Nevertheless, studies on Sumenep’s role in the salt trade routes have tended to focus primarily on economic aspects and colonial policies, leaving the strategic significance of this area insufficiently explored from a maritime historical perspective. This research aims to reconstruct the salt trade network of Sumenep in the nineteenth century by emphasizing the role of ports, trade actors, and the relationship between colonial regulations and the economic activities of coastal communities. The study employs a historical method consisting of topic selection, heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography. Research data are derived from Dutch-language colonial newspaper archives, colonial government reports, and relevant historical literature. The findings reveal that the Port of Sumenep functioned as a collecting center linking salt-producing areas with regional trade networks within the framework of the colonial monopoly system. Trade activities involved salt producers, intermediary traders, traditional maritime shipping, and colonial authorities, while informal trade routes emerged as strategies of economic adaptation and resistance among coastal communities. The study concludes that salt trade activities in Sumenep were not merely a representation of colonial power but also reflected dynamic processes of negotiation and local economic resilience in response to the colonial monopoly system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syifaul Qalbiyah, Ari Sapto, Daya Negri Wijaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Studi Fenomenologi Tentang Makna Panggilan dan Kebermaknaan Hidup Caregiver Formal Lansia di Panti Wredha
The growing elderly population is directly proportional to the increasing demand for caregivers. This role presents unique challenges, including low financial rewards and a demanding workload. Despite these pressures, many caregivers choose to persist in their roles for years. A key factor strengthening this commitment is an externally focused calling, which serves as a moral commitment to providing tangible benefits to the lives of the elderly. This study aims to explore the meaning in life among formal caregivers for the elderly who experience their profession as a form of calling. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study involved two caregivers with more than six years of experience and two significant others as additional informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings reveal five major themes: (1) calling as the foundational motivation for becoming a caregiver; (2) the caregiving process as a pathway to discovering life meaning; (3) self-transformation through caregiving experiences; (4) emotional closeness and interpersonal bonds with the elderly; and (5) the emergence of pride as an expression of meaningful living. These findings confirm that meaning in life is formed through emotional, relational, cognitive, and spiritual experiences within the caregiving process: ultimately, finding meaning in this work enables individuals to avoid existential vacuum and enhance their existential resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhini Kusuma Wardhani, Rulita Hendriyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pendampingan WALHI Terhadap Kelompok Perempuan Beremis dalam Menolak Tambang Pasir Besi di Desa Pasar Seluma
This research is motivated by social and ecological conflicts resulting from the planned iron sand mining by PT Faminglevto Bakti Abadi (FBA) in Pasar Seluma Village, Bengkulu, which threatens the coastal ecosystem and the livelihoods of the community, particularly the women's mussel collectors. This study aims to analyze the assistance provided by the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (WALHI) Bengkulu to the Women's Group of Mussel Collectors in rejecting iron sand mining activities. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on conflict theory and a structural functional perspective, WALHI Bengkulu's assistance is understood as a form of social resistance against the dominance of capital interests as well as a mechanism for strengthening the role and collective solidarity of coastal communities. The results show that WALHI Bengkulu's assistance plays an important role in strengthening the critical awareness, organizational capacity, and bargaining power of the women's group of mussel collectors. Forms of assistance include environmental education, legal advocacy, public campaigns, demonstrations, audiences with the government, and alternative economic development. This study concludes that WALHI Bengkulu's assistance contributed significantly to strengthening the collective resistance of coastal women as well as efforts to protect coastal ecosystems and achieve social and environmental justice in Pasar Seluma Village.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bella Febriyanti, Hajar Gelis Pramudyasmono, Ika Pasca Himawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pemanfaatan Data Pengaduan SP4N LAPOR Dalam Perumusan Kebijakan Publik Di Pemerintah Kabupaten Madiun
The effective utilisation of citizen generated complaint data as a strategic input for evidence informed public policy continues to present challenges for local government institutions. This study investigates the utilisation of SP4N LAPOR complaint data in the public policy making processes of the Madiun Regency Government. SP4N LAPOR is Indonesia’s national public service complaint management system designed to enable citizens to submit feedback, grievances, and recommendations directly to relevant government agencies. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, the study draws on data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis of relevant institutional materials. The findings indicate that, despite a marked increase in SP4N LAPOR complaint submissions from 2020 to 2024, the integration of this data into formal public policy formulation remains limited. Complaint data are predominantly used for administrative reporting and performance monitoring rather than as analytical evidence to inform policy decisions. Key constraints include institutional fragmentation, limitations in technical system interoperability, and inadequate analytical capacity within human resources. These factors collectively diminish the potential of complaint data to support evidence-based governance. Consequently, this study recommends strengthening analytical competencies among public officials, institutionalising a dedicated complaint data analysis unit, and integrating SP4N LAPOR with planning and budgeting platforms to enhance the utilisation of citizen feedback for responsive and data driven public policy making. Unlike previous research that used SP4N LAPOR as an instrument for the effectiveness of complaint services, this study places complaint data as the analytical foundation for evidence informed public policy at the local government level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tony Hartono, Slamet Muchsin, Afifuddin Afifuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis on MSMEs Digitalization Strategies in Indonesia
Research on the digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia remains dominated by empirical studies, while systematic reviews that map the evolution, structure, and thematic trends of this topic are still limited. Addressing this research gap, this study aims to systematically examine MSME digitalization strategies in Indonesia using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with bibliometric analysis. The SLR method was applied to articles indexed in the Scopus database for the 2019-2023 period, retrieved through Publish or Perish, and screened based on relevance to the research topic. The bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer was employed to map research trends, identify keyword relationships, and cluster thematic networks within the literature. From an initial pool of 1,000 articles, 80 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. The bibliometric visualization identified seven main clusters and three dominant themes, namely digital transformation, MSMEs, and sustainable development. The four most prominent clusters highlighted e-commerce based digitalization strategies, social media utilization for marketing, cloud technology adoption, and digital divide and cybersecurity issues. The findings show that digitalization strategies in Indonesian MSMEs are largely driven by efforts to enhance competitiveness, market expansion, and operational efficiency. Moreover, e-commerce and social media platforms are identified as the dominant drivers of MSME digital transformation. Despite ongoing challenges such as limited technological access and low digital literacy, digitalization continues to yield positive impacts on business performance and sustainability. This study contributes to a clearer understanding of MSME digitalization in Indonesia and provides a comprehensive knowledge base for policymakers and researchers to develop effective digital transformation frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusuf Ramadhan, Roy Darmawan, Nurus Sabani, A. Khoirun Nasihin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This study analyzes how modern slavery in Indonesia's manufacturing sector emerged through forms of exploitation disguised in formal labor relations, although the labor law framework has been comprehensively drafted. Competitive pressures in global supply chains, work flexibility through contracting and outsourcing systems, and inequality of bargaining positions between workers and companies create working conditions that are vulnerable to exploitative practices. This study aims to identify modern forms of slavery in the context of factory work, analyze the structural factors that perpetuate it, as well as assess the policy implications needed to strengthen worker protections. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design in three textile and garment manufacturing industry clusters, footwear, and electronics. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 45 informants that included workers, company management, trade unions, NGO activists, and government officials, as well as an analysis of policy and corporate documents. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns of exploitation and structural vulnerabilities that emerge in the context of the industry. The results of the study show four main forms of modern slavery practices: economic exploitation, restriction of freedom, vulnerability and dependence, and dehumanization. These practices are reinforced by unequal labor market structures, labor flexibility, and cost pressures from global buyers. In addition, female workers and low-educated workers were found to have higher levels of vulnerability than other groups. Document analysis also shows a significant gap between corporate social responsibility rhetoric and actual working conditions. The study concludes that modern slavery in the manufacturing industry operates through complex structural mechanisms that require strengthening law enforcement, revision of the employment contract system, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. These findings underscore the urgency of labor protection reforms amid economic and technological changes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isma Ulyana Arifatun Nasekhah, Lutfiyah Lutfiyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovative Governance Pemanfaatan Lahan Eks Tambang Bauksit PT Antam Kijang Sebagai Pusat Industri Maritim Bintan
This study is motivated by the urgent need to restore and reutilize PT Antam’s former bauxite mining land in Kijang, which faces a high risk of abandonment after extraction, through innovative governance that integrates the state, state-owned enterprises, local government, universities, the private sector, and local communities. The study aims to analyze the underlying governance logic and to formulate a roadmap for land utilization that is productive, inclusive, and sustainable. A qualitative design with a grounded theory approach was employed: data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review; analysis was supported by NVivo, including open, axial, and selective coding, word-cloud exploration, and node mapping to extract categories, causal relations, strategies, and consequences. The findings reveal three main clusters—(1) institutional governance, (2) economic transformation, and (3) participatory social dimensions—with the core category of “innovative governance of post-mining state assets.” Key drivers include investment, institutional capacity, and the role of universities as knowledge producers, while major constraints involve weak inter-agency coordination, land-tenure uncertainty, regulatory gaps, and low social trust. These barriers indicate that governance success is not merely a technical matter but also an institutional and social challenge. The study concludes that effective implementation requires an adaptive polycentric network, legal certainty, public–private partnership schemes (PPP/BOT/JV), asset digitalization and ESG-oriented governance, and cross-agency performance indicators (KPIs). Consistent implementation may transform Kijang into a blue-economy maritime hub and a national model for sustainable post-mining management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfiandri Alfiandri, Nazaki Nazaki, Irfan Harmain, Ilhamda Fattah Kaloko, Sayed Fauzan Riyadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Home Garden Areas (KRPL) and Food Insecurity in Indonesia
Food security is essential to ensure the availability, access, and consumption of sufficient, nutritious, and safe food for all people. The Home Garden Areas or Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) in the local language is one of the government's food security programs. The number of KRPLs has steadily increased between 2017 and 2021. However, the level of food insecurity has risen since 2020. Variations in the number of KRPLs from 2017 to 2021 were accounted for in this study to estimate their impact on food insecurity. This study recommends that KRPL be accompanied by other policies, particularly poverty reduction programs in food insecurity interventions, at least in regencies/municipalities with "high" and "very high" food insecurity categories. The magnitude and significance of the relationship between KRPLs and food insecurity were estimated using this study's panel data analysis techniques with the Fixed Effect method. According to the simulation results, an additional 157 KRPL areas are required in each regency and municipality to bring the SaMaPua regions into the "moderate" food insecurity category. The total number of KRPL needed for the SaMaPua region becomes 14.915 areas. The average food insecurity in Java-Bali from 2017 to 2021 is nearly half that of non-Javanese and Bali food insecurity. The maximum value of food insecurity in non-Java and Bali areas is 83,6 percent, indicating that there are still areas with "very high" food insecurity outside Java-Bali. According to the estimation results, KRPLs significantly reduce food insecurity after one year, particularly in the Java and Bali regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giskar Yudistira, Hera Susanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Critical Ecospirituality and Ecclesial Subsidiarity A Reflection on Sean McDonagh’s Environmental Theology for Agrarian Justice in Sekadau, West Kalimantan
This study seeks to develop a theological understanding of Rimba Kobar’s critical ecospirituality as a contextual faith praxis that promotes agrarian justice in Sekadau, West Kalimantan, in the light of Sean McDonagh’s environmental theology. Employing a qualitative-reflective theological approach, the research explores the ecological spirituality of local communities and connects it with the principle of subsidiarity in Catholic Canon Law. The findings indicate that Rimba Kobar’s ecospirituality represents not only an ecological expression but also a form of moral resistance against agrarian structural injustice, resonating with the spirit of subsidiarity affirming the autonomy and dignity of grassroots communities in caring for creation. The integration of critical ecospirituality and subsidiarity paves the way for a contextual and participatory reconstruction of Catholic environmental theology, one that stands in solidarity with local communities. Thus, this study highlights the necessity of synergy between ecological theology, local spirituality, and Church law in realizing socio-ecological justice within Indonesia’s agrarian landscape.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dismas Kwirinus, Alphonsus Tjatur Raharso, Ignatius Dendi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identitas Kesukuan dan Multikulturalisme Etnis Mahasiswa Makassar Dalam Membangun Relasi Sosial Inklusif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
The plurality of religions, ethnicities, languages, and cultures in Indonesia is prone to potential conflict, especially regarding intolerance and violence. The Makassar ethnic group is known to have a strong sense of tribalism towards their ethnicity. This study aims to (1) discribe of the tribal or ethnic identity of Makassar students in Yogyakarta; (2) to reveal the multiculturalism of Makassar students, the strength of their recognition and the depth of their respect for cultural diversity other ethnic’s cultures. This research uses a qualitative approach with a ethnography method. The subjects of this study were South Sulawesi students living in the Makassar Dormitory (Bawakaraeng and Lantimojong Dormitories) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. Data validity was tested using source triangulation. The analysis technique used was inductive data analysis. The results of this study yielded the following findings: (1) the ethnic awareness embedded in Makassar students is very high, as demonstrated by their sense of pride and belonging to their ethnic group as a legacy of their ancestors; (2) the multiculturalism of Makassar students towards other ethnic/tribal cultures is relatively high, as seen from the type of multiculturalism they embrace, namely critical-interactive. The findings of this study, it can be concluded that the ethnic identity of Makassar students in Yogyakarta does not give rise to exclusivism. On the contrary, it is consistent with the practice of critical-interactive multiculturalism, which means that the Makassar ethnic group builds inclusive social relations in the Yogyakarta community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rianda Usmi, Dasim Budimansyah, Rahmat Rahmat, Iim Siti Masyitoh, Beti Indah Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tinjauan Konseptual Nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai Landasan Fundamental Karakter Kewirausahaan dalam Pendidikan Pancasila
This research aims to conceptually examine the values of Pancasila as the basis for ethics in the formation of entrepreneurial ethics through Civic Education. In the midst of global challenges and disruptive digitalization in Indonesian society today, it is crucial to project that entrepreneurial activities should not only focus on fiscal aspects but also be rooted in noble national values. This study uses library research with a descriptive qualitative approach by reviewing scientific literature, policy documents, and relevant previous studies. The results show that the values of Pancasila, particularly social justice, togetherness, and shared responsibility, play an important role as an ethical foundation in shaping an entrepreneurial character oriented towards economic sustainability. In addition, this study also formulates an integrative model that makes Civic Education a reference in internalizing Pancasila values into entrepreneurial character. This reseacrh contributes to the development of an integrative conceptual framework that correlates Pancasila, Civic Education, and entrepreneurship as a reference for curriculum development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alif Lukmanul Hakim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ketika Hidup dan Kerja Seimbang Sebagai Kunci Optimalisasi Kinerja Karyawan di PT. X
Work-life balance has become an important issue in human resource management as it relates to employees’ ability to balance work demands and personal life. An imbalance between these roles may lead to stress, role conflict, and decreased work performance. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between work-life balance and employee performance at PT X, a nationally scaled fertilizer industry company. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population consisted of all employees of PT X, with a sample of 131 employees selected using probability sampling through simple random sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale instruments, including an employee performance scale and a work-life balance scale. The employee performance scale showed a reliability coefficient of 0.925, while the work-life balance scale demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.928. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson Product Moment correlation after fulfilling the assumptions of normality and linearity. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between work-life balance and employee performance (r = 0.534; p < 0.05). This finding suggests that employees with higher levels of work-life balance tend to demonstrate better performance. A balance in time, involvement, and satisfaction between work and personal life contributes to emotional stability, improved focus, and more productive work behaviors. In conclusion, work-life balance is a crucial psychological factor that supports employee performance improvement. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to implement work policies that promote work-life balance, such as flexible work arrangements and employee well-being programs, to achieve sustainable performance enhancement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Cahya Rahma Dewi, Netty Dyan Prastika, Nanik Handayani, Frida Zakiyya Harasuna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Criminological Analysis of Women's Involvement in Class I Narcotics Trafficking Crimes
Class I narcotics trafficking constitutes a serious crime with far-reaching impacts on public health, social stability, and national security. In recent years, the jurisdiction of the Tanah Datar Police has shown an increasing involvement of women as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking, indicating a shift in crime patterns as well as the presence of gender-specific vulnerabilities. This study aims to analyze the criminological factors underlying women’s involvement in Class I narcotics trafficking and to examine the countermeasures implemented by law enforcement authorities. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with police officers from the narcotics investigation unit of the Tanah Datar Police and a female convicted offender, and were analyzed by relating criminological theories to the local social context. The findings indicate that women’s involvement in narcotics trafficking is influenced by a combination of economic pressure, unequal social relations, and weak social control within their living environments. The countermeasures implemented have included repressive, preventive, and rehabilitative measures; however, they have not yet fully integrated a gender perspective. This study emphasizes that women’s involvement in narcotics trafficking cannot be understood merely as individual legal violations, but rather as a criminological phenomenon shaped by structural and relational conditions. These findings contribute academically to the development of gender-based criminological studies and serve as a reference for the formulation of more comprehensive and gender-sensitive narcotics control policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mila Haida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengelolaan Kenaikan Pangkat PNS Berbasis SIASN Berdasarkan Peraturan BKN Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 di Kabupaten Madiun
The application of Regulation of the National Civil Service Agency (BKN) Number 4 of 2023, which extends the promotion submission period for civil servants (PNS) from two to six times per year, represents a digital reform in personnel management. This research intends to evaluate the execution of promotional services through the State Civil Apparatus Information System (SIASN), examine the effects of the policy, and recognize difficulties challenges. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving personnel administrators and civil servants as service users. Data were analyzed interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the policy has improved efficiency, transparency, and service certainty in personnel administration. However, the increased service frequency has led to a higher workload for verification officers and persistent challenges related to document readiness, digital literacy gaps, and limited service responsiveness and empathy. The novelty of this study lies in demonstrating that increased service frequency and digitalization do not automatically translate into comprehensive service quality improvement, highlighting the need for strengthening human resource capacity and supporting systems to ensure sustainable and adaptive personnel policy implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gangsar Ginayuh, Slamet Muchsin, Afifuddin Afifuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keamanan dan Kenyamanan Wisatawan dalam Pengelolaan Risiko di Kawasan Wisata Religi Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong Religious Tourism Area in Semarang City is a spiritual and cultural tourism destination with a relatively high number of visitors, thereby requiring effective operational risk management to ensure tourists’ safety and comfort. In the context of religious tourism, safety and comfort are not limited to physical protection, but also encompass psychological and emotional experiences that shape a sense of tranquility, security, and inner balance among visitors. This study aims to analyze tourists’ safety and comfort in the implementation of operational risk management at the Sam Poo Kong Religious Tourism Area. A qualitative research approach was employed using in-depth interviews with tourists and site managers, complemented by participatory observation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, thematic categorization, and interpretative analysis. The findings reveal two main aspects. First, informative, responsive, and humanistic public services and communication play a crucial role in building tourists’ trust and perceptions of safety and comfort. Second, environmental spirituality, manifested through a sacred atmosphere, religious symbols, and cultural values, contributes significantly to visitors’ emotional security and psychological comfort. The novelty of this study lies in emphasizing that operational risk management in religious tourism destinations should not be confined to technical aspects alone, but must be integrated with service quality, public communication, and environmental spirituality as a comprehensive risk management strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desika Nur Jannah, Sugiarto Sugiarto, Amin Kiswantoro, Fera Dhian Anggraini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Mediating Effect of Brand Trust on Purchase Decisions through Perceived Quality and Health Consciousness Using PLS-SEM
The growing adoption of healthy lifestyles has increasingly challenged the consumption of carbonated beverages, which are widely perceived as unhealthy products. Nevertheless, some brands remain competitive due to strong perceived quality and consumer trust. This study aims to examine the mediating role of brand trust in the relationships among perceived quality, health consciousness, and purchase decisions for Big Cola, addressing inconsistent findings on the Influence of health consciousness on unhealthy product consumption. This study employed a quantitative explanatory design using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from 200 respondents who had previously consumed Big Cola through purposive sampling. Measurement items were assessed using a five-point Likert scale, and the analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0 to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. The results indicate that perceived quality has a strong positive effect on brand trust and a positive Influence on purchase decisions. In contrast, health consciousness negatively affects purchase decisions, suggesting that greater health awareness reduces consumers' willingness to buy carbonated beverages. Furthermore, brand trust plays an important mediating role by strengthening the effect of perceived quality on purchase decisions and partially mitigating the negative Influence of health consciousness. The structural model demonstrates strong explanatory power, with R² values of 0.72 for brand trust and 0.81 for purchase decisions. This study provides empirical evidence that health consciousness shows a negative but weak effect, indicating a limited deterrent role in unhealthy product consumption, while brand trust remains a key mechanism sustaining purchase behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saripa Zihad Mulahela, Muhammad Mujahid Dakwah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Manajemen Strategis Situs Cagar Budaya Nasional Pugung Raharjo
The Pugung Raharjo National Cultural Heritage Site is a multidimensional cultural heritage asset that necessitates a robust research framework to support its protection and sustainable utilization. However, its strategic management challenges still require a scientific, data-based evaluation, potentially leading to redundancies and the neglect of critical management issues. This study aims to map trends, disciplinary characteristics, and methodological gaps, including identifying research gaps at the Pugung Raharjo National Cultural Heritage Site for the 2020-2025 period as a basis for formulating strategic management recommendations. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 22 published articles obtained from various journal databases and institutional repositories. The results show a dominance of publications in the education sector (40.9%) and tourism management (31.8%), but very little on the technical physical conservation aspect (18.2%). Methodologically, there was a high reliance on qualitative approaches and R&D, while purely quantitative methods were found at only 13.6%. The novelty of this study lies in its position as the first SLR-based strategic reference that synthesizes multidisciplinary data to become the basis for policy-making for national cultural heritage management. These findings indicate a research gap in statistical data auditing and technical physical monitoring of sites. This study recommends a reorientation of strategic management through the formalization of local education curricula, the implementation of tourism carrying capacity, and the digitization of conservation data to ensure the sustainability of sites, as mandated by Law No. 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roliyanti Roliyanti, Kuncoro Budi Riyanto, Febriyanto Febriyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tenun Cag-Cag Sembiran Sebagai Representasi Cultural Capital dan Pengembangan Pariwisata Budaya Bali Utara
The minimalist esthetics of the cag-cag weave serves as a catalyst toward a complex system of meaning. In the context of sustainable tourism, cag-cag can be converted into authentic and transformative travel experiences, while also serving as a defense against cultural homogenization. The novelty of the research lies in the focus on micro-variant analysis of the weaving of Sembiran Village as a cultural and tourism sustainability. The research objectives are to interpret the cultural meaning, motifs, colors, and weaving techniques, and cultural capital-based tourism in North Bali. This research is based on ethnography, aiming to holistically understand the socio-cultural phenomenon of cag-cag weaving from the perspective of cultural practitioners. In the context of cag-cag weaving, simple lines are markers that refer to signs within the cosmology of the Sembiran community. Its interpretation is the essence of a straight line as a way of life and cosmology. The research findings indicate that the motif of elongated and straight lines is interpreted as a metaphor for the journey of human life, which must be straight and purposeful. Life should be like this line, not crooked, not deviating from the path established by our ancestors and customary rules. Furthermore, in tourism development strategies, cag-cag weaving not only focuses on commercial aspects, but also on creating sustainable value for cultural preservation, community well-being, and the tourist experience. The theoretical framework of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) and Creative Tourism serves as the main foundation for formulating this strategy, with the core principle that local communities must be the owners, managers, and primary beneficiaries of tourism activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Agustiantini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Harmonisasi Regulasi Insentif Penanaman Modal Kabupaten Sidoarjo Pasca Berlakunya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Cipta Kerja
The background of this research is to examine and analyze the legitimacy of the Regional Government in regulating investment incentives and facilities based on the principles of legality and hierarchy of laws and regulations, analyzing the suitability of the practice of providing investment incentives and facilities in Sidoarjo with the basic principles of investment, including the principle of non-discrimination, international obligations, and compliance with national law. The purpose of this research is to formulate more integrated policy recommendations between the central and regional governments in order to create a more inclusive fiscal policy system in terms of investment. This research method uses a normative approach with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study show that Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2014 and Regent Regulation Number 58 of 2015 have become the basis for providing incentives do not fully reflect the basic principles of investment stated in the latest national laws such as Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, and have not been integrated with Indonesia's international obligations in global investment agreements. This inconsistency creates the risk of legal uncertainty and has the potential to reduce investor confidence, both domestic and foreign. The conclusion of this research is that legal protection is needed for investors related to incentives through reporting, evaluation, guidance and supervision mechanisms, as well as government incentive products that can be utilized by investors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Swastika Maya Pramesti, Muhammad Asrul Maulana, Ni Ketut Indhira Maharani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Program Sistem Manajemen Aplikasi Rakyat Terpadu Badan Pendapatan Daerah (Smart Bapenda) Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2024-2025
Local tax services still face several challenges, including inefficient procedures, limited service access, and low public awareness and compliance in paying taxes. These conditions encouraged the Regional Revenue Agency of Sukabumi Regency to introduce an innovation through the Integrated Public Application Management System Program (SMART BAPENDA) as part of the Tax and Levy Payment Awareness Movement through Integrated Public Services (GEBYAR SIPENYU). This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SMART BAPENDA Program at the Regional Revenue Agency of Sukabumi Regency in 2024–2025 using the policy implementation theory of Van Meter and Van Horn (1975). The research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, with informants selected using snowball sampling involving leaders, policy implementers, and community members. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of SMART BAPENDA is fairly effective, particularly in terms of clear policy standards and objectives, relatively good inter-organizational communication, and the commitment and discipline of policy implementers. The program improves access to tax services, enhances time and cost efficiency, and increases public awareness of local tax obligations. However, the implementation has not been fully optimal due to limited resources, especially budget constraints, technological system capacity, and gaps in public digital literacy. In conclusion, although SMART BAPENDA is fairly effective, strengthening resources and improving community digital literacy are necessary for more optimal implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maulana Mansyur, M. Rijal Amirulloh, Yana Fajar FY. Basori (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kapasitas Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Dalam Mengatasi Kenakalan Remaja Di Kota Sukabumi
The increasing incidence of juvenile delinquency and violence against children in Sukabumi City has become a growing concern, particularly in cases of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Data from the Technical Implementation Unit for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (UPT PPA) for 2022–2023 indicate a significant rise in reported cases and victims, challenging the institutional capacity of local government. This study aims to analyze the organizational capacity of the Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DP3A) of Sukabumi City in responding to this escalation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through observations, in-depth interviews with agency leaders, UPT PPA officers, experts, and social workers, supported by document analysis. The analysis is guided by Grindle’s organizational capacity framework, which includes human resource development, organizational strengthening, and institutional reform. The findings reveal that DP3A demonstrates relatively adequate capacity in leadership, inter-sectoral coordination, and institutional commitment. However, these strengths are constrained by limited budget allocation, imbalance between workload and personnel, and reliance on externally driven training policies. This study contributes empirically by mapping local government institutional capacity in child protection governance within a public organizational context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gihan Pangestu, Ike Rachmawati, Yana Fajar FY. Basori (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Minat Beli dan Ekuitas Merek dalam Membentuk Keputusan Pembelian Mahasiswa
Ideally, students should be able to prioritize their needs; however, the transition to early adulthood often makes them more susceptible to emotional impulses when making purchasing decisions. This study aims to examine the effect of purchase intention and brand equity on purchasing decisions among students. The research subjects consisted of 75 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Mulawarman University, class of 2020-2022, selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using purchase decision, purchase intention, and brand equity scales and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that purchase intention and brand equity have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by an F value of 26.577, an R² value of 0.425, and a p value of 0.000. These findings support the acceptance of the main hypothesis, demonstrating that both variables play an important role in shaping students' purchasing decisions. The results also suggest that purchasing decisions are not solely driven by interest and brand value, but are influenced by cognitive, emotional, and evaluative factors in the consumer decision-making process. This study highlights the importance of enhancing purchase intention and strengthening brand equity as effective marketing strategies, while also contributing to the understanding of student consumer behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lily Anggraeny Puspaningrum, Nadya Novia Rahman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Indonesia Dalam Mengurangi Hambatan Perdagangan Serta Implikasinya terhadap Strategi Ekonomi Nasional
Indonesia has signed multiple Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to expand market access. However, the utilization rate of preferential tariffs remains low, while non-tariff barriers and rules of origin (ROO) complexity persist. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Indonesia’s FTAs in reducing trade barriers, explain the implementation factors that make their impacts partial, and draw implications for Indonesia’s national economic strategy. Using a qualitative policy case study approach, the research combines semi-structured online interviews with eight officials from the Ministry of Trade and document analysis of FTA texts, implementing regulations, technical reports, and trade data; validity is strengthened through source triangulation. The findings show that FTAs have lowered tariffs and expanded market coverage to roughly 70% of Indonesia’s exports, yet the benefits have not been translated evenly across firms. Preferential use particularly among MSMEs is constrained by ROO compliance costs, documentation and input traceability burdens, post-shipment verification concerns, and divergent technical standards and certification requirements. Moreover, rising sustainability and labor compliance demands increase compliance costs, leaving de facto barriers significant even when preferential tariffs are available. FTA proliferation also generates a noodle bowl effect through overlapping rules and procedures, prompting firms to choose MFN tariffs when preferential savings do not justify administrative costs. The study concludes that FTA effectiveness depends critically on regulatory harmonization, simplification of preferential procedures, strengthened MSME compliance capacity, and enhanced digital trade facilitation to ensure more inclusive and sustainable gains.
Copyright (c) 2026 PM Erza Killian, Primadiana Yunita, Reza Triarda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perspektif Independent Woman dalam Menegosiasikan Kesetaraan Pernikahan
The rise of women's independence, or the phenomenon of the Independent Woman in various contexts, such as education, finances, and self-control, has created new expectations for partners and marriage. This study contributes to social and gender studies with the aim of subjectively analyzing how independent women negotiate forms of equality in marriage, examined from several aspects, including education, finances, decision-making, domestic roles, and emotional support. This study uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach and R.W. Connell's theory of masculine hegemony as an analytical tool. Subjects were determined using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques involving single and married women. The results show that there are differences in negotiation experiences based on the actual and prospective practices of independent women. These findings also confirm that independent women do not passively accept the hegemony of masculinity that still prevails in the realm of marriage, but rather apply it more flexibly according to their individual lives. By comparing the experiences of single and married independent women, which have rarely been studied empirically, this study is expected to reflect on the importance of real husband-wife partnerships in reducing the likelihood of inequality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Almira Aulia Azzahra, Refti Handini Listyanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Developing a Steam and Tri Hita Karana Comic to Improve Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students' Science Literacy
The current problems are low student science literacy and fading cultural values. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of STEAM-infused comics containing Tri Hita Karana values to improve the science literacy of fifth-grade students on the ecosystem harmony material at SD Negeri 6 Penatih. Developmental research method using the ADDIE model. Data collection instruments used questionnaires to test validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research results show that this comic meets excellent criteria, as evidenced by the validation results from content experts, media experts, design expert, and language experts. The practicality test conducted by teachers showed very satisfactory results with a percentage of 98%. The practicality test results for students obtained a percentage of 94.51%, indicating that this comic is very practical and well-received by students. The effectiveness test results thru pretest and posttest showed a significant improvement in students' science literacy with a significance value (p < 0.001) and a high effect size (Cohen's d = 3.208). In conclusion, STEAM-loaded comics and Tri Hita Karana are effective in improving the science literacy of fifth-grade elementary school students. The implications are positive, such as increased student interest in science thru culturally relevant approaches, as well as potential long-term impacts in the form of improved science literacy. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of steam and Balinese local wisdom with the help of sophisticated AR so that the media becomes more contextual, real, interesting, and students' literacy increases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nengah Kadek Selamet, I Gede Margunayasa, Dewa Bagus Sanjaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dance Movement Therapy Osho Kundalini Sebagai Media Untuk Menurunkan Gejala Kecemasan, Stres, dan Depresi Pada Penyandang Disabilitas Mental
Individuals with mental disabilities are vulnerable to anxiety, stress, and depression that affect emotional and social functioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) accompanied by Osho Kundalini music on reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression. The study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 15 participants residing at Muria Jaya Social Service Center. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), observation, and interviews conducted before and after the intervention. The intervention integrated expressive movement, rhythmic stimulation, relaxation, and silent meditation to facilitate emotional release and enhance body awareness and psychological regulation. Statistical analysis indicated reductions in anxiety (t = 24.29), stress (t = 21.66), and depression (t = 18.51) scores after the intervention, with statistically significant differences and effect sizes indicating practical intervention impact. Although the research design limits causal inference due to the absence of a control group, the findings contribute empirical evidence regarding the potential of Osho Kundalini-based DMT as an applicable psychosocial intervention for individuals with mental disabilities in social care settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tinon Citraning Harisuci, Vikri Islah Khafidz, Faricha Annisa, Fito Uli Huda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Terpaan Pemberitaan Media dalam Mengamplifikasi Persepsi Risiko Bahaya Gempa Megathrust di Indonesia
Media play a crucial role in disaster risk communication by shaping public understanding and perception of potential hazards. In Indonesia, intensive media coverage of the potential megathrust earthquake, particularly during the period when the issue became widely viral in mid to late 2024, raised public concern regarding the amplification of risk perception. This study examines the effect of media exposure on the amplification of risk perception related to the potential megathrust earthquake in Indonesia, with self-relevance and news credibility as moderating variables. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 185 respondents and analysed using moderated regression analysis with the PROCESS Macro (Model 3) developed by Hayes to examine both direct and interaction effects. The results indicate that media exposure has a positive and significant effect on risk perception. Self-relevance strengthens the relationship between media exposure and risk perception, while news credibility moderates this relationship, particularly when self-relevance is low. The overall model demonstrates strong explanatory power (R² = 0.897), indicating a substantial contribution of the proposed variables in explaining variations in risk perception. This study contributes theoretically to the literature on risk communication and the Social Amplification of Risk Framework by demonstrating that the amplification of disaster risk perception is not solely driven by media exposure, but is contingent upon individual relevance and perceived credibility of news sources. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of responsible disaster communication strategies that balance public awareness with the prevention of excessive fear.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunati Alinda, Shela Kusumaningtyas, Leoni Nindyasari, Adinda Aulia Nurhaliza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Konstruksi Makna Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan di Indonesia
Women’s leadership in government bureaucracy is increasingly recognized for contributing to more inclusive and responsive public policies. However, in Indonesia, women’s representation in strategic leadership positions remains limited, indicating persistent structural and cultural barriers. Previous studies have largely focused on structural aspects and numerical representation, while limited attention has been paid to how women leaders construct meaning and legitimacy through communication practices. This study explores how female Indonesian civil servants construct, negotiate, and interpret their leadership roles, particularly through communication practices related to public policy formulation and implementation. Employing a qualitative approach with an interpretative phenomenological design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five mid-level women leaders in the Indonesian civil service involved in public policy processes. Data were analyzed thematically using Berger and Luckmann's social construction framework enriched by a leadership-as-communication perspective. The findings indicate that the meaning of women's leadership is dialectically constructed through three main processes: internalization of leadership values through social and professional experiences; objectivation through negotiation with organizational structures, bureaucratic norms, and social expectations; and externalization through adaptive communication practices that contribute to shaping more humane and responsive public policies for vulnerable groups. Academically, this study argues that women's leadership can be understood as a communicative practice that not only reflects bureaucratic structures but also dialectically reconstructs public policy orientations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reny Henriyani, Bunga Shafa Azizah, Mahbub Ubaedi Alwi, Ganjar Ndaru Aji, Aldi Hardianto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan SIAKAD terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa pada Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITN) Malang
The rapid advancement of information technology has encouraged higher education institutions to deliver academic services through effective and responsive digital platforms, particularly Academic Information Systems (SIAKAD). Nevertheless, the presence of such systems does not automatically ensure high levels of student satisfaction, as service quality remains a decisive factor in shaping user experience. This study aims to examine the influence of SIAKAD service quality on student satisfaction at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITN) Malang. An explanatory quantitative design was employed, involving 71 respondents selected through accidental sampling based on the Slovin formula. Service quality was operationalized using the five SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Student satisfaction was assessed by measuring the alignment between expectations and perceived performance. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS. The findings reveal that, collectively, SIAKAD service quality exerts a significant effect on student satisfaction (F = 83.095; p < 0.001), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.865, indicating a strong explanatory power of the model. Partially, all five dimensions demonstrate positive and significant contributions, with responsiveness emerging as the most influential factor (β = 0.408), followed by empathy (β = 0.336), assurance (β = 0.222), tangibles (β = 0.218), and reliability (β = 0.204). These results underscore that prompt responses, clear academic information, and attentive support play a central role in shaping students’ perceptions of satisfaction. Strengthening service quality and enhancing responsiveness are therefore essential strategies for fostering student satisfaction and reinforcing effective digital governance in higher education institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haning Tri Novianti, Yaqub Cikusin, Slamet Muchsin, Dimas Indra Laksmana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Eksistensi Lembaga Adat Adolang Sebelum Dan Setelah Pemekaran Wilayah
This research analyzes the existence of Adolang Traditional Institution before and after territorial division in Pamboang Subdistrict, Majene Regency. The division of Adolang Village into four villages raised concerns about the continuity of traditional institutions as guardians of local cultural values. This descriptive-analytical qualitative research employed a a purposive sampling technique and collected data through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The findings indicate that the existence of the Adolang Traditional Institution remains relatively stable, with no significant changes following territorial division. The traditional institution continues to exist due to the the Adolang community's awareness, the commitment of cultural activists, and the active role of traditional officials in preserving customs. Despite territorial fragmentation, cultural solidarity among the Adolang community is maintained through consistently implemented traditional activities. This research contributes to understanding the resilience of traditional institutions in facing structural changes in village governance during the regional autonomy era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yusri AR, Najibullah Najibullah, Abdul Hafid, Hadi Yudho Prio Wibowo, Eni Susanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mendorong Organizational Citizenship Behavior Melalui Peran Supervisor Support di Hotel Danau Toba Internasional Medan
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a crucial indicator for improving employee performance and service quality in the hospitality industry. However, the implementation of OCB is strongly influenced by the support provided by supervisors. Lake Toba International Hotel in Medan, as a star-rated hotel, faces challenges in enhancing employee motivation and commitment, particularly in engaging employees beyond their formal duties. This study aims to examine the relationship between Supervisor Support and OCB among hotel employees. A quantitative approach was employed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique, involving 105 employees as respondents. The analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between Supervisor Support and OCB, with a correlation coefficient of 0.672 and significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This indicates that higher supervisor support is associated with higher employee OCB. Furthermore, the R Square value of 0.452 indicates that Supervisor Support contributes 45.2% to OCB, while the remaining 54.8% is influenced by other factors. These findings highlight the critical role of supervisors in creating a supportive work environment, including guidance, recognition, and emotional support, which directly encourage employees to engage in behaviors beyond their formal duties. In conclusion, enhancing supervisor support can be an effective strategy for Lake Toba International Hotel management to increase employee engagement, loyalty, and performance through OCB. This study offers practical implications for hotel management in designing leadership development programs and strengthening supervisor–employee relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Orlana Devina Ariestha Zebua, Rianda Elvinawanty, Juni Santy Theresia Sihotang, Claura Noi Br Simangunsong, Mukhaira El Akmal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pemetaan Aset Komunal Pariwisata Untuk Mendukung Kampung Wisata Menjadi Kampung Budaya Berkelanjutan Di Bamboo Mewek Park Kota Malang
Community-based tourism village management still faces challenges in utilizing local potential to build cultural identity, preserve the environment, and improve community welfare. This study aims to map communal tourism assets in Bamboo Mewek Park (BMP), Malang City, as a strategy to strengthen community-based tourism toward a sustainable cultural village. The Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method was applied to identify seven key assets: physical, financial, environmental, technological, human, social, and spiritual. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively using source triangulation. The findings reveal that the interconnection among assets forms a participatory tourism system that reinforces the community’s social, economic, and cultural resilience. Traditional arts serve as core social and cultural assets that drive financial and environmental sustainability, while spiritual and social solidarity values serve as moral foundations for community-based management. The novelty of this research lies in applying the ABCD approach within an urban tourism village context, showing how collaboration among communities, academics, and government institutions transforms local assets into sustainable socio-cultural capital.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mareta Syifa Primadianty, Melati Julia Rahma, Yudi Winarno (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Workplace Incivility Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior Pada Karyawan Hotel
The rapid growth of the hotel industry requires organizations to maintain high service quality to remain competitive. Service quality is influenced not only by formal procedures but also by employees’ voluntary behaviors, known as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), which enhance organizational effectiveness. However, workplace incivility, characterized by low-intensity deviant behavior such as disrespect and disregard among employees, remains prevalent and may undermine positive work attitudes and behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace incivility and OCB among hotel employees. A quantitative correlational design was employed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. The sample consisted of 105 employees of Lake Toba International Hotel selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated workplace incivility and OCB scales and analyzed statistically. The results revealed a strong and significant negative correlation between workplace incivility and OCB (r = −0.733, p < 0.05), indicating that higher levels of workplace incivility were associated with lower levels of OCB. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.537) showed that workplace incivility accounted for 53.7% of the variance in OCB, demonstrating a substantial contribution. These findings suggest that workplace incivility plays a critical role in reducing employees’ willingness to engage in voluntary, constructive behaviors that support organizational effectiveness and service quality. In conclusion, minimizing workplace incivility through respectful communication, supportive leadership, and positive organizational culture is essential to foster OCB and enhance overall service performance in the hospitality industry. These strategies strengthen employee cooperation, satisfaction, and long-term organizational sustainability and competitiveness in modern hospitality contexts today.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evelinadela Margaretta, Rianda Elvinawanty, Saulina Serpi Situmeang, Enzelin Regina S. Meliala, Sri Hartini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0